手动布线在现在和将来都是印刷电路板设计的一个重要过程, 采用手动布线有助于自动布线工具完成布线工作。
通过对挑选出的网络(net)进行手动布线并加以固定,可以形成自动布线时可依据的路径。
首先对关键信号进行布线,手动布线或结合自动布线工具均可。布线完成后,再由有关的工程技术人员对这些信号布线进行检查,检查通过后,将这些线固定,然后开始对其余信号进行自动布线。
由于地线中阻抗的存在,会给电路带来共阻抗干扰。因此,在布线时不可将凡有接地符号的点随意连接,这可能会产生有害的耦合,影响电路的工作。
频率较高时,导线的感抗将比导线本身的电阻大几个数量级。这时导线上即使只流过很小的高频电流,也会产生一定的高频电压降。因此,对高频电路来说,PCB 布局尽可能排列紧凑,使印制导线尽可能短。
印制导线之间还有互感和电容, 当工作频率较大时,会对其它部分产生干扰,称为寄生耦合干扰。可以采取的抑制方式有:①尽量缩短各级间的信号走线;②按信号的顺序排列各级电路,避免各级信号线相互跨越;③相邻的两面板的导线要垂直或交叉,不能平行;④当板内要平行布设信号导线时,应使这些导线尽可能间隔一定的距离,或用地线、电源线隔开,达到屏蔽的目的。
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