功率开关器件的高额开关动作是导致开关电源产生电磁干扰(EMI)的主要原因。开关频率的提高一方面减小了电源的体积和重量，另一方面也导致了更为严重的EMI问题。开关电源工作时，其内部的电压和电流波形都是在非常短的时间内上升和下降的，因此，开关电源本身是一个噪声发生源。开关电源产生的干扰，按噪声干扰源种类来分，可分为尖峰干扰和谐波干扰两种；若按耦合通路来分，可分为传导干扰和辐射干扰两种。使电源产生的干扰不至于对电子系统和电网造成危害的根本办法是削弱噪声发生源，或者切断电源噪声和电子系统、电网之间的耦合途径。现在按噪声干扰源来分别说明：
1、二极管的反向恢复时间引起的干扰
交流输入电压经功率二极管整流桥变为正弦脉动电压，经电容平滑后变为直流，但电容电流的波形不是正弦波而是脉冲波。由电流波形可知，电流中含有高次谐波。大量电流谐波分量流入电网，造成对电网的谐波污染。另外，由于电流是脉冲波，使电源输入功率因数降低。高频整流回路中的整流二极管正向导通时有较大的正向电流流过，在其受反偏电压而转向截止时，由于PN结中有较多的载流子积累，因而在载流子消失之前的一段时间里，电流会反向流动，致使载流子消失的反向恢复电流急剧减少而发生很大的电流变化(di/dt)。
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